The New Covenant is recorded in Jeremiah 31:31-35, and is the final Covenant. It contains the promise of the Holy Spirit.
Solomon was David's son with Bathsheba (The second son. The first son died shortly after birth as God's judgment on David's affair with Bathsheba and murder of her husband.)
King Solomon’s wisdom was unmatched in his time
He built Israel into a mighty nation.
Solomon wrote the Song of Solomon when he was young and passionate; during his conservative middle age he wrote the Book of Proverbs; when he was old and rich he wrote the Book of Ecclesiastes. In spite of all his wealth, (he was pulling in about 13 tons of gold per month for Israel), King Solomon knew that it was not the answer to the happiness of life.
Soloman allowed his many wives to lead his heart away from YHWH.
When King Solomon died, the nation of Israel died with him. The leaders of Israel became busy building treasures for themselves. Huge armies, huge taxes, huge homes for the wealthy, and slave labor for stripping the Earth to support such efforts (see the Books of 1&2 Kings; 1&2 Chronicles).
In addition to the corruption of the leadership, the people turned further and further away from YHWH’S teachings, while slipping deeper and deeper into sin.
In 931 B.C., ten tribes made up the Israelites of the Northern Kingdom, and they built a new northern capital at Samaria. The Southern Kingdom of Judah was made up by the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi. (The tribe of Levi was not one of the twelve landholding tribes, they were the priestly tribe whose lives were dedicated to the work of the Tabernacle and Temple.)
The Northern Kingdom slipped into the ways of their pagan neighbors first. As a result of their national sin and rebellion, YHWH withdrew HIS Divine protection from Israel. The Northern Kingdom suffered a series of devastating attacks by the Assyrian Empire. Finally in 72l B.C., the House of Israel was conquered by Shalmaneser, the King of Assyria, the rod of YHWH’S anger.
The northern Israelites suffered horribly, and they lost everything. It is a tragic story of slavery, executions, and through forced relocation their land was resettled by their pagan conquerors.
The northern Israelites were moved out of their land of Samaria, north of Jerusalem, into an area to the south shore of the Caspian Sea (1 Kings 17:7-23). In time they mixed with the people living there, who were people of other religions. After 100 years the Israelites lost their religious heritage and they eventually migrated to other areas. They became known as the lost ten tribes of Israel
Only the three tribes of the Southern Kingdom of Judea were collectively nicknamed Jews, short for Judeans or Judahites.
The first time this is recorded in the Bible is in 2 Kings 16:6.
Judah, the southern kingdom, was able to maintain its relationship with GOD somewhat longer, perhaps due to the presence of the Temple.
YHWH sent more Prophets, but their pleading fell on deaf ears. There was a brief revival under King Josiah, but after his death the people continued their moral decline.
Israel was punished for neglecting the Sabbaths and Holy Days of YHWH. HE determined the length of her punishment by counting the neglected Sabbaths (2 Chronicles 36:20-21).
The Prophets were special men called out by YHWH over the years to warn the kings of YHWH’S impending punishment if they did not repent of their sins.
The Prophets were great teachers, they denounced the wicked rulers, advocated reforms, and called the people to return to GOD. The Prophets taught truth, compassion and justice.
In YHWH’S manner, they mostly taught in small voices — speaking quietly, changing lives by touching hearts and shaping souls (1 Kings 12:1-14).
Sadly, few people took them seriously, mostly they were rejected, resisted, ridiculed, thrown in jail and sometimes put to death (Hosea, Amos, Joel, Micah, Nahum).
A prophet is one who speaks by Divine inspiration, specifically YHWH’S inspiration.
No prophet of YHWH would dare change what is already known from the Scriptures - lest he dies! For example: The Book of Isaiah is like the Bible in miniature, and YHWH’S great Heavenly master plan from chaos to eternity is outlined in it. True Prophets would only relay additional information dovetailing into what already is known.
A prophet's job description and a warning of false prophets are in Deuteronomy 18:14-22.
YHWH raised up Jeremiah as prophet to deliver the final warnings to Judah.
Jeremiah was a heartbroken prophet with a heart breaking message. He labored for more then forty years proclaiming his message to the "stiff-necked people of Judah."
Israel did not appreciate hearing the doom and gloom Jeremiah was preaching. The people despised and persecuted him.
Amid all the judgments and condemnations Jeremiah was also chosen to deliver a wonderful and a very important promise from YHWH.
The New Covenant contains the promise of the ministry of the Holy Spirit.
Some call this the Christian Covenant, but it was made with the House of Judah, and it is inherited by the gentiles who come to believe in the Hebrew Messiah coming out of the House of Judah.
Four provisions are made in this Covenant, then it is signed and dated.